Baraitser-winter Syndrome 1; Brws1

Description

BRWS is a rare developmental phenotype characterized by the combination of hypertelorism, broad nose with large tip and prominent root, congenital nonmyopathic ptosis, ridged metopic suture, arched eyebrows, iris or retinal coloboma, sensorineural deafness, shoulder girdle muscle bulk and progressive joint stiffness, and pachygyria with anteroposterior severity gradient, rarely lissencephaly or neuronal heterotopia. Cleft lip and palate, hallux duplex, congenital heart defects and renal tract anomalies are seen in some cases. Microcephaly may develop with time. Early muscular involvement, occasionally with congenital arthrogryposis, may be present. Intellectual disability and epilepsy are variable in severity and largely correlate with central nervous system anomalies (summary by Verloes et al., 2015). Di Donato et al. (2014) and Verloes et al. (2015) suggested that BRWS, Fryns-Aftimos syndrome, and cerebrofrontofacial syndrome represent the same clinical entity. The phenotype is highly variable (summary by Cuvertino et al., 2017). Genetic Heterogeneity of Baraitser-Winter SyndromeBaraitser-Winter syndrome-2 (BRWS2 ) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the ACTG1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 17q25.

Clinical Features

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism
• Failure to thrive

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