Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism 4 With Or Without Anosmia; Hh4

Description

Congenital idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is a disorder characterized by absent or incomplete sexual maturation by the age of 18 years, in conjunction with low levels of circulating gonadotropins and testosterone and no other abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism can be caused by an isolated defect in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH ) release, action, or both. Other associated nonreproductive phenotypes, such as anosmia, cleft palate, and sensorineural hearing loss, occur with variable frequency. In the presence of anosmia, idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism has been called 'Kallmann syndrome (KS),' whereas in the presence of a normal sense of smell, it has been termed 'normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH)' (summary by Raivio et al., 2007). Because families have been found to segregate both KS and nIHH, the disorder is here referred to as 'hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with or without anosmia (HH).'For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with or without anosmia, see {147950}.

Clinical Features

• Seizures
• Hearing impairment
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Cleft palate
• Cryptorchidism
• Obesity
• Osteoporosis
• Hypogonadism
• Diabetes mellitus
• Micropenis

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