Myopathy, Myofibrillar, 1; Mfm1

Description

Myofibrillar myopathy (MFM) is a noncommittal term that refers to a group of morphologically homogeneous, but genetically heterogeneous chronic neuromuscular disorders. The morphologic changes in skeletal muscle in MFM result from disintegration of the sarcomeric Z disc and the myofibrils, followed by abnormal ectopic accumulation of multiple proteins involved in the structure of the Z disc, including desmin, alpha-B-crystallin (CRYAB ), dystrophin (OMIM ), and myotilin (TTID ). Genetic Heterogeneity of Myofibrillar MyopathyOther forms of MFM include MFM2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the CRYAB gene (OMIM ); MFM3 (OMIM ) (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the MYOT gene (OMIM ); MFM4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the ZASP gene (LDB3 ); MFM5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the FLNC gene (OMIM ); MFM6 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the BAG3 gene (OMIM ); MFM7 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the KY gene (OMIM ); and MFM8 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the PYROXD1 gene (OMIM ).'Desmin-related myopathy' is another term referring to MFM in which there are intrasarcoplasmic aggregates of desmin, usually in addition to other sarcomeric proteins. Rigid spine syndrome (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the SEPN1 gene (OMIM ), is another desmin-related myopathy. Goebel (1995) provided a review of desmin-related myopathy.

Clinical Features

• Scoliosis
• Muscle weakness
• Pain
• Cataract
• Flexion contracture
• Delayed speech and language development
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Gait disturbance
• Respiratory insufficiency
• Respiratory distress

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