Rubinstein-taybi Syndrome 1; Rsts1

Description

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by mental retardation, postnatal growth deficiency, microcephaly, broad thumbs and halluces, and dysmorphic facial features. The facial appearance is striking, with highly arched eyebrows, long eyelashes, downslanting palpebral fissures, broad nasal bridge, beaked nose with the nasal septum, highly arched palate, mild micrognathia, and characteristic grimacing or abnormal smile. Affected individuals also have an increased risk of tumor formation (Rubinstein and Taybi, 1963; review by Hennekam, 2006).Floating-Harbor syndrome (OMIM ), which shows phenotypic overlap with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, is caused by mutation in the SRCAP gene (OMIM ), a coactivator for CREBBP. Genetic Heterogeneity of Rubinstein-Taybi SyndromeRubinstein-Taybi syndrome-1 (RSTS1) constitutes about 50 to 70% of patients with the disorder. Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome-2 (RSTS2 ) comprises about 3% of patients and is primarily due to de novo heterozygous mutation in the EP300 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 22q13 (Bartsch et al., 2010).See also chromosome 16p13.3 deletion syndrome (OMIM ), a severe form of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome resulting from a contiguous gene deletion involving the CREBBP gene as well as other neighboring genes.

Clinical Features

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Scoliosis
• Growth delay
• Neoplasm
• Failure to thrive

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