A2M gene related symptoms and diseases

Alternate names

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AD Is also known as presenile and senile dementia

Description

Alzheimer disease is the most common form of progressive dementia in the elderly. It is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the neuropathologic findings of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and extracellular amyloid plaques that accumulate in vulnerable brain regions (Sennvik et al., 2000). Terry and Davies (1980) pointed out that the 'presenile' form, with onset before age 65, is identical to the most common form of late-onset or 'senile' dementia, and suggested the term 'senile dementia of the Alzheimer type' (SDAT).Haines (1991) reviewed the genetics of AD. Selkoe (1996) reviewed the pathophysiology, chromosomal loci, and pathogenetic mechanisms of Alzheimer disease. Theuns and Van Broeckhoven (2000) reviewed the transcriptional regulation of the genes involved in Alzheimer disease. Genetic Heterogeneity of Alzheimer DiseaseAlzheimer disease is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. See also AD2 (OMIM ), associated with the APOE*4 allele (OMIM ) on chromosome 19; AD3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the presenilin-1 gene (PSEN1 ) on 14q; and AD4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the PSEN2 gene (OMIM ) on 1q31.There is evidence for additional AD loci on other chromosomes; see AD5 (OMIM ) on 12p11, AD6 (OMIM ) on 10q24, AD7 (OMIM ) on 10p13, AD8 (OMIM ) on 20p, AD9 (OMIM ), associated with variation in the ABCA7 gene (OMIM ) on 19p13, AD10 (OMIM ) on 7q36, AD11 (OMIM ) on 9q22, AD12 (OMIM ) on 8p12-q22, AD13 (OMIM ) on 1q21, AD14 (OMIM ) on 1q25, AD15 (OMIM ) on 3q22-q24, AD16 (OMIM ) on Xq21.3, AD17 (OMIM ) on 6p21.2, and AD18 (OMIM ), associated with variation in the ADAM10 gene (OMIM ) on 15q21.Evidence also suggests that mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms may be risk factors in Alzheimer disease (OMIM ).Finally, there have been associations between AD and various polymorphisms in other genes, including alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M; {103950.0005}), low density lipoprotein-related protein-1 (LRP1 ), the transferrin gene (TF ), the hemochromatosis gene (HFE ), the NOS3 gene (OMIM ), the vascular endothelial growth factor gene (VEGF ), the ABCA2 gene (OMIM ), and the TNF gene (OMIM ) (see MOLECULAR GENETICS).

Most common symptoms of ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AD

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Spasticity
• Cognitive impairment
• Edema

SOURCES: OMIM

Alternate names

WILSON DISEASE Is also known as wd, hepatolenticular degeneration, wnd

Description

Wilson disease is a very rare inherited multisystemic disease presenting non-specific neurological, hepatic, psychiatric or osseo-muscular manifestations due to excessive copper deposition in the body.

Most common symptoms of WILSON DISEASE

• Intellectual disability
• Growth delay
• Neoplasm
• Failure to thrive
• Spasticity

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET

Most common symptoms of ALPHA-2-MACROGLOBULIN DEFICIENCY; A2MD

• Abnormal lung morphology
• Chronic lung disease
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

SOURCES: OMIM MESH