Delayed speech and language development, and Coarctation of aorta

Medium match MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 21; MRD21

MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 21; MRD21 Is also known as ;

• Autosomal dominant inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: UMLS MONDO OMIM ORPHANET DOID

Low match HYPERMETHIONINEMIA DUE TO ADENOSINE KINASE DEFICIENCY

Hypermethioninemia encephalopathy due to adenosine kinase deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism disorder characterized by persistent hypermethioninemia with increased levels of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine which manifests with encephalopathy, severe global developmental delay, mild to severe liver dysfunction, hypotonia and facial dysmorphism (most significant is frontal bossing, macrocephaly, hypertelorism and depressed nasal bridge). Epileptic seizures, hypoglycemia and/or cardiac defects (pulmonary stenosis, atrial and/or ventricular septal defect, coarctation of the aorta) may be associated. Clinical picture may range from neurological symptoms only to multi-organ involvement.

HYPERMETHIONINEMIA DUE TO ADENOSINE KINASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as mental retardation, autosomal recessive 8, formerly;mrt8, formerly;adk hypermethioninemia; hypermethioninemia encephalopathy due to adk deficiency

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET DOID UMLS OMIM MESH MONDO

Low match GALLOWAY-MOWAT SYNDROME 3; GAMOS3

Galloway-Mowat syndrome is a renal-neurologic disease characterized by early-onset nephrotic syndrome associated with microcephaly, gyral abnormalities of the brain, and delayed psychomotor development. Most patients have dysmorphic facial features, often including hypertelorism, ear abnormalities, and micrognathia. Other features, such as arachnodactyly and visual impairment, are more variable. Most patients die in the first years of life (summary by Braun et al., 2017).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GAMOS, see GAMOS1 (OMIM ).

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Pica

SOURCES: UMLS OMIM MONDO DOID

Low match NOONAN SYNDROME-LIKE DISORDER WITH LOOSE ANAGEN HAIR 2; NSLH2

Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair (NS/LAH) is a Noonan-related syndrome, characterized by facial anomalies suggestive of Noonan syndrome (see this term); a distinctive hair anomaly described as loose anagen hair syndrome (see this term); frequent congenital heart defects; distinctive skin features with darkly pigmented skin, keratosis pilaris, eczema or occasional neonatal ichtyosis (see this term); and short stature, often associated with a GH deficiency and psychomotor delays.

NOONAN SYNDROME-LIKE DISORDER WITH LOOSE ANAGEN HAIR 2; NSLH2 Is also known as ;ns/lah; tosti syndrome

• Autosomal dominant inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIMPS ORPHANET UMLS OMIM

Low match ENCEPHALOCRANIOCUTANEOUS LIPOMATOSIS; ECCL

Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL) is a neurocutaneous disorder characterized by ocular anomalies, skin lesions, and central nervous system (CNS) anomalies (Moog et al., 2007).The malformations in ECCL are patchy and asymmetric. The most characteristic skin anomaly is nevus psiloliparus, a well-demarcated, alopecic fatty tissue nevus on the scalp, seen in 80% of affected individuals. Other dermatologic features include frontotemporal or zygomatic subcutaneous fatty lipomas, non-scarring alopecia, focal dermal hypoplasia or aplasia of the scalp, periocular skin tags, and pigmentary abnormalities following the lines of Blaschko. Choristomas of the eye (epibulbar dermoids or lipodermoids) are also present in 80% of patients, and can be unilateral or bilateral. Characteristic CNS features in ECCL include intracranial and intraspinal lipomas, seen in 61% of patients, and less often cerebral asymmetry, arachnoid cysts, enlarged ventricles, and leptomeningeal angiomatosis. A predisposition to low-grade gliomas has also been observed. Seizures and intellectual disability are common, but one-third of affected individuals have normal intellect. Skeletal manifestations include bone cysts and jaw tumors, such as odontomas, osteomas, and ossifying fibromas (summary by Bennett et al., 2016).

ENCEPHALOCRANIOCUTANEOUS LIPOMATOSIS; ECCL Is also known as ;haberland syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Pica
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: ORPHANET SCTID MESH GARD OMIM UMLS MONDO NCIT

Low match KLEEFSTRA SYNDROME 1; KLEFS1

Submicroscopic subtelomeric deletions of chromosome 9q are associated with a recognizable mental retardation syndrome (Harada et al., 2004; Iwakoshi et al., 2004; Stewart et al., 2004; Neas et al., 2005). Common features in patients with 9q subtelomeric deletion syndrome are severe mental retardation, hypotonia, brachy(micro)cephaly, epileptic seizures, flat face with hypertelorism, synophrys, anteverted nares, everted lower lip, carp mouth with macroglossia, and heart defects. Genetic Heterogeneity of Kleefstra SyndromeKLEFS2 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the KMT2C gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 7q36.

KLEEFSTRA SYNDROME 1; KLEFS1 Is also known as chromosome 9q34.3 deletion syndrome, 9q- syndrome, 9q subtelomeric deletion syndrome

• Autosomal dominant inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature

SOURCES: DOID MONDO ORPHANET OMIM

Low match CHROMOSOME 15q26-qter DELETION SYNDROME

Distal monosomy 15q is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome characterized by pre- and postnatal growth restriction, developmental delay, variable degrees of intellectual disability, hand and foot anomalies (e.g. brachy-/clinodactyly, talipes equinovarus, nail hypoplasia, proximally placed digits) and mild craniofacial dysmorphism (incl. microcephaly, triangular face, broad nasal bridge, micrognathia). Neonatal lymphedema, heart malformations, aplasia cutis congenita, aortic root dilatation, and autistic spectrum disorder have also been reported.

CHROMOSOME 15q26-qter DELETION SYNDROME Is also known as drayer syndrome;15q26 deletion syndrome; distal 15q deletion syndrome; monosomy 15q26; telomeric 15q deletion syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Pica

SOURCES: MONDO ORPHANET OMIM DOID MESH UMLS

Low match MOWAT-WILSON SYNDROME; MOWS

Mowat-Wilson syndrome is an autosomal dominant complex developmental disorder; individuals with functional null mutations present with mental retardation, delayed motor development, epilepsy, and a wide spectrum of clinically heterogeneous features suggestive of neurocristopathies at the cephalic, cardiac, and vagal levels. Mowat-Wilson syndrome has many clinical features in common with Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome (OMIM ) but the 2 disorders are genetically distinct (Mowat et al., 2003). Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome is caused by mutation in the KIAA1279 gene (OMIM ) located on 10q.

MOWAT-WILSON SYNDROME; MOWS Is also known as microcephaly, mental retardation, and distinct facial features, with or without hirschsprung disease, hirschsprung disease-mental retardation syndrome

• Autosomal dominant inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: SCTID ORPHANET OMIM UMLS

Low match FLOATING-HARBOR SYNDROME; FLHS

Floating-Harbor syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by proportionate short stature, delayed bone age, delayed speech development, and typical facial features. The face is triangular with deep-set eyes, long eyelashes, bulbous nose, wide columella, short philtrum, and thin lips (Lacombe et al., 1995).Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (see {180849}), which shows phenotypic overlap with Floating-Harbor syndrome, is caused by mutation in the CREBBP gene (OMIM ), for which SRCAP is a coactivator.

FLOATING-HARBOR SYNDROME; FLHS Is also known as ;

• Autosomal dominant inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature

SOURCES: MONDO SCTID MESH ORPHANET GARD UMLS OMIM

Low match DIGEORGE SYNDROME; DGS

DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) comprises hypocalcemia arising from parathyroid hypoplasia, thymic hypoplasia, and outflow tract defects of the heart. Disturbance of cervical neural crest migration into the derivatives of the pharyngeal arches and pouches can account for the phenotype. Most cases result from a deletion of chromosome 22q11.2 (the DiGeorge syndrome chromosome region, or DGCR). Several genes are lost including the putative transcription factor TUPLE1 which is expressed in the appropriate distribution. This deletion may present with a variety of phenotypes: Shprintzen, or velocardiofacial, syndrome (VCFS ); conotruncal anomaly face (or Takao syndrome); and isolated outflow tract defects of the heart including tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus, and interrupted aortic arch. A collective acronym CATCH22 has been proposed for these differing presentations. A small number of cases of DGS have defects in other chromosomes, notably 10p13 (see {601362}). In the mouse, a transgenic Hox A3 (Hox 1.5) knockout produces a phenotype similar to DGS as do the teratogens retinoic acid and alcohol.

DIGEORGE SYNDROME; DGS Is also known as chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, hypoplasia of thymus and parathyroids, third and fourth pharyngeal pouch syndrome

• Autosomal dominant inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature

SOURCES: OMIM