Delayed speech and language development, and Cyanosis

Medium match EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, EARLY INFANTILE, 25; EIEE25

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MONDO GARD UMLS

Medium match EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, EARLY INFANTILE, 18; EIEE18

Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-18 is a severe autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by lack of psychomotor development apparent from birth, dysmorphic facial features, early onset of refractory seizures, and thick corpus callosum and persistent cavum septum pellucidum on brain imaging (summary by Basel-Vanagaite et al., 2013).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of EIEE, see EIEE1 (OMIM ).

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ptosis

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET UMLS MONDO

Medium match GLUT1 DEFICIENCY SYNDROME 1; GLUT1DS1

GLUT1 deficiency syndrome-1 is a neurologic disorder showing wide phenotypic variability. The most severe 'classic' phenotype comprises infantile-onset epileptic encephalopathy associated with delayed development, acquired microcephaly, motor incoordination, and spasticity. Onset of seizures, usually characterized by apneic episodes, staring spells, and episodic eye movements, occurs within the first 4 months of life. Other paroxysmal findings include intermittent ataxia, confusion, lethargy, sleep disturbance, and headache. Varying degrees of cognitive impairment can occur, ranging from learning disabilities to severe mental retardation. Hypoglycorrhachia (low CSF glucose, less than 40 mg/dl) and low CSF lactate are essentially diagnostic for the disorder. As more cases with GLUT1 deficiency syndrome were described, the phenotype was broadened to include individuals with ataxia and mental retardation but without seizures, individuals with dystonia and choreoathetosis, and rare individuals with absence seizures and no movement disorder. The disorder, which results from a defect in the GLUT1 glucose transporter causing decreased glucose concentration in the central nervous system, is part of a spectrum of neurologic phenotypes resulting from GLUT1 deficiency. GLUT deficiency syndrome-2 (OMIM ) represents the less severe end of the phenotypic spectrum and is associated with paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia with or without seizures. Correct diagnosis of GLUT1 deficiency is important because a ketogenic diet often results in marked clinical improvement of the motor and seizure symptoms (reviews by Pascual et al., 2004 and Brockmann, 2009).

GLUT1 DEFICIENCY SYNDROME 1; GLUT1DS1 Is also known as glucose transport defect, blood-brain barrier;de vivo disease; glucose transporter type 1 deficiency; glut-1 deficiency syndrome; glut1-ds

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Autosomal dominant inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM GARD MONDO UMLS

Medium match EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, EARLY INFANTILE, 14; EIEE14

Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-14 is a severe neurologic disorder characterized by onset in the first 6 months of life of refractory focal seizures and arrest of psychomotor development. Ictal EEG shows discharges that arise randomly from various areas of both hemispheres and migrate from one brain region to another. The disorder presents as 'malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy' (MMPSI), a clinical designation (summary by Barcia et al., 2012).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of EIEE, see EIEE1 (OMIM ).

• Autosomal dominant inheritance
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MONDO UMLS

Medium match PITUITARY HORMONE DEFICIENCY, COMBINED, 3; CPHD3

Non-acquired combined pituitary hormone deficiency-sensorineural hearing loss-spine abnormalities syndrome is a rare, genetic, non-acquired, combined pituitary hormone deficiency disorder characterized by panhypopituitarism (with or without ACTH deficiency) associated with spine abnormalities, including frequent rigid cervical spine and short neck with limited rotation, and variable degrees of sensorineural hearing loss. The anterior pituitary gland is usually abnormal (typically hypoplastic) and rarely a mild developmental delay or intellectual disability may be associated.

PITUITARY HORMONE DEFICIENCY, COMBINED, 3; CPHD3 Is also known as pituitary hormone deficiency, combined, with rigid cervical spine, deafness, sensorineural, with pituitary dwarfism;non-acquired combined pituitary hormone deficiency-deafness-rigid cervical spine syndrome

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MONDO ORPHANET UMLS

Medium match HELSMOORTEL-VAN DER AA SYNDROME; HVDAS

HELSMOORTEL-VAN DER AA SYNDROME; HVDAS Is also known as mental retardation, autosomal dominant 28;mrd28;

• Autosomal dominant inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature

SOURCES: MONDO GARD DOID OMIM ORPHANET UMLS

Medium match PITT-HOPKINS SYNDROME; PTHS

The Pitt-Hopkins syndrome is characterized by mental retardation, wide mouth and distinctive facial features, and intermittent hyperventilation followed by apnea (Zweier et al., 2007).See also Pitt-Hopkins-like syndrome-1 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the CNTNAP2 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 7q35, and Pitt-Hopkins-like syndrome-2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the NRXN1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 2p16.3.

PITT-HOPKINS SYNDROME; PTHS Is also known as encephalopathy, severe epileptic, with autonomic dysfunction, mental retardation, syndromal, with intermittent hyperventilation;

• Autosomal dominant inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: UMLS OMIM ORPHANET MONDO MESH NCIT DOID SCTID GARD

Medium match COLD-INDUCED SWEATING SYNDROME 1; CISS1

Cold-induced sweating syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized in the neonatal period by orofacial weakness with impaired sucking and swallowing resulting in poor feeding necessitating medical intervention. Affected infants show a tendency to startle, with contractions of the facial muscles in response to tactile stimuli or during crying, trismus, abundant salivation, and opisthotonus. During the first year, most infants have spiking fevers. These features, referred to as 'Crisponi syndrome' in infancy, can result in early death without advanced care. After the first 2 years, the abnormal muscle contractions and fevers abate, and most patients show normal psychomotor development. From childhood onward, the most disabling symptoms stem from impaired thermoregulation and disabling abnormal sweating, which can be treated with clonidine. Patients have hyperhidrosis, mainly of the upper body, in response to cold temperatures, and sweat very little with heat. Other features include characteristic facial anomalies, such as round face, chubby cheeks, micrognathia, high-arched palate, low-set ears, and depressed nasal bridge, dental decay, camptodactyly, and progressive kyphoscoliosis (summary by Hahn et al., 2010). Genetic Heterogeneity of Cold-Induced Sweating SyndromeCold-induced sweating syndrome-2 (CISS2 ), which is clinically indistinguishable from CISS1, is caused by mutation in the CLCF1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 11q13. CISS3 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the KLHL7 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 7p15.

COLD-INDUCED SWEATING SYNDROME 1; CISS1 Is also known as crisponi syndrome, sohar-crisponi syndrome, muscle contractions, tetanoform, with characteristic face, camptodactyly, hyperthermia, and sudden death;ciss

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Pica

SOURCES: MONDO OMIM UMLS GARD ORPHANET MESH

Medium match PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME; PWS

Prader-Willi syndrome is characterized by diminished fetal activity, obesity, muscular hypotonia, mental retardation, short stature, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and small hands and feet. It can be considered to be an autosomal dominant disorder and is caused by deletion or disruption of a gene or several genes on the proximal long arm of the paternal chromosome 15 or maternal uniparental disomy 15, because the gene(s) on the maternal chromosome(s) 15 are virtually inactive through imprinting. Horsthemke and Wagstaff (2008) provided a detailed review of the mechanisms of imprinting of the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome (OMIM ) region.See also the chromosome 15q11-q13 duplication syndrome (OMIM ), which shows overlapping clinical features.

PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME; PWS Is also known as prader-labhart-willi syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM

Medium match EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, EARLY INFANTILE, 8; EIEE8

EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, EARLY INFANTILE, 8; EIEE8 Is also known as hyperekplexia and epilepsy;

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Motor delay
• Intellectual disability, severe

SOURCES: UMLS DOID MONDO MESH OMIM ORPHANET