Schizencephaly

Table of contents:

Description
Related genes
Clinical Features
Incidence and onset information
Alternative Names
Researches and researchers
Gene Panels
Sources and references

Description

Brunelli et al. (1996) described schizencephaly as an extremely rare congenital disorder characterized by a full-thickness cleft within the cerebral hemispheres. The clefts are lined with gray matter and most commonly involve the parasylvian regions (Wolpert and Barnes, 1992). Large portions of the cerebral hemispheres may be absent and replaced by cerebrospinal fluid. Two types of schizencephaly have been described, depending on the size of the area involved and the separation of the cleft lips (Wolpert and Barnes, 1992). Type I schizencephaly consists of a fused cleft. This fused pial-ependymal seam forms a furrow in the developing brain, and is lined by polymicrogyric gray matter. In type II schizencephaly, there is a large defect, a holohemispheric cleft in the cerebral cortex filled with fluid and lined by polymicrogyric gray matter. The clinical manifestations depend on the severity of the lesion. Patients with type I are often almost normal; they may have seizures and spasticity. In type II abnormalities, there is usually mental retardation, seizures, hypotonia, spasticity, inability to walk or speak, and blindness.Schizencephaly may be part of the larger phenotypic spectrum of holoprosencephaly (HPE; see {236100}).

Genes related to Schizencephaly

COL4A1
SIX3
SHH
EMX2

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Clinical Features

Top most frequent phenotypes and symptoms related to Schizencephaly

Intellectual disability
Seizures
Global developmental delay
Generalized hypotonia
Microcephaly
Strabismus
Spasticity
Ventriculomegaly
Hydrocephalus
Blindness

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Incidence and onset information

— Currently we don't have prevalence information about this disease (Not enough data available about incidence and published cases.)
— No data available about the known clinical features onset.

Researches and researchers

Doctors, researchs, and experts related to Schizencephaly extracted from public data.

Schizencephaly Experts map

Current Researchs and researchers

MAGDEBURG — Dr Anke RISSMANN
Investigator of research project - Manager of registry - Coordinator of research network
- Institution/s:
  — Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg A.ö.R
- Research area/topic::
  International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Monitoring Systems

NEWTOWNABBEY — Pr Helen DOLK
Investigator of research project - Coordinator of research network - Coordinator of patient registry network
- Institution/s:
  — Room 12L09, University of Ulster
  — University of Ulster
- Research area/topic::
  Epidemiological studies on congenital anomaly prevalence, risk factors, prevention and prenatal screening

Schizencephaly Recommended genes panels

Panel Name, Specifity and genes Tested/covered
COL4A1 Sequencing Test (CSVD). By Athena Diagnostics Inc (United States). COL4A1 Specificity 100 % Genes 25 %
Epilepsy Advanced Sequencing and CNV Evaluation - Developmental Brain Malformations. By Athena Diagnostics Inc (United States). SHH, STIL, SIX3, TUBA8, SLC25A19, DEAF1, ARFGEF2, RAB3GAP1, CENPJ, NDE1, FKRP, ARX, ASPM, POMGNT1, POMT2, TUBA1A, COL4A1, CPT2, WDR62, DCX , (...) View the complete list with 20 more genes Panel complete gene list SHH, STIL, SIX3, TUBA8, SLC25A19, DEAF1, ARFGEF2, RAB3GAP1, CENPJ, NDE1, FKRP, ARX, ASPM, POMGNT1, POMT2, TUBA1A, COL4A1, CPT2, WDR62, DCX, TSEN54, DPYD, SRPX2, TUBB2B, EMX2, FKTN, FGFR3, FLNA, FOLR1, ADGRG1, LAMA2, LARGE1, MCPH1, PAFAH1B1, PAX6, PEX7, POMT1, PQBP1, QARS, RELN Specificity 10 % Genes 100 %
Epilepsy Advanced Sequencing and CNV Evaluation. By Athena Diagnostics Inc (United States). SCN1A, SCN1B, SCN2A, SCN3A, SCN5A, SCN8A, SCN9A, SHH, ST3GAL3, ST3GAL5, STIL, SIX3, SLC2A1, SLC35A2, SLC6A1, SLC6A8, SLC9A6, SMC1A, KDM5C, SMS , (...) View the complete list with 214 more genes Panel complete gene list SCN1A, SCN1B, SCN2A, SCN3A, SCN5A, SCN8A, SCN9A, SHH, ST3GAL3, ST3GAL5, STIL, SIX3, SLC2A1, SLC35A2, SLC6A1, SLC6A8, SLC9A6, SMC1A, KDM5C, SMS, SNAP25, SIK1, SPTAN1, CDKL5, STXBP1, SUCLA2, SYN1, SYNGAP1, SYNJ1, SYP, TBX1, TCF4, TREX1, TSC1, TSC2, TUBA8, UBE3A, WWOX, SLC4A10, CNTNAP2, CACNA1A, CACNA1H, CACNA2D1, CACNA2D2, CACNB4, PCDH19, SLC25A19, ARHGEF9, DEAF1, ZEB2, CASK, CASR, SETBP1, ALG9, ARFGEF2, PANK2, PLCB1, SAMHD1, DNAJC5, SLC19A3, EFHC1, LIAS, RAB39B, SCARB2, HCN4, BCKDK, PRICKLE1, RAB3GAP1, CPA6, CENPJ, ADGRV1, NDE1, FKRP, ARX, SPATA5, PHF6, RBFOX1, ATP6AP2, PRIMA1, SETD2, DEPDC5, ATP6V0A2, RNASEH2A, STX1B, KCNT1, MAGI2, ASPM, VPS13A, POMGNT1, CHD2, DOCK7, CHRNA2, CHRNA4, CHRNA7, CHRNB2, POMT2, SLC25A22, PRICKLE2, MBD5, L2HGDH, TPP1, CLN3, CLN5, TUBA1A, CLN6, CLN8, ANKRD11, NHLRC1, BRAT1, VPS13B, KCTD7, COL4A1, ABAT, SLC13A5, PIGO, CPT2, KIF1BP, CRH, RNASEH2C, WDR62, KANSL1, SMC3, CSTB, CTSD, CTSF, CUL4B, OFD1, RNASEH2B, PIGV, CYP27A1, DCX, TSEN54, MFSD8, NIPBL, WDR45, SZT2, IQSEC2, ADSL, TBC1D24, NEXMIF, ROGDI, TBL1XR1, DYNC1H1, DNM1, DPYD, ATP13A2, PNPO, PRRT2, SRPX2, TUBB2B, ALG13, DYRK1A, EEF1A2, EMX2, EPM2A, FKTN, FGD1, FGFR3, FLNA, FOLR1, FOXG1, GABRA1, GABRB2, GABRB3, GABRD, GABRG2, GAMT, GATM, GFAP, GLDC, ALPL, GNAO1, GOSR2, GPC3, ADGRG1, GRIA3, GRIN1, GRIN2A, GRIN2B, GRN, AMT, HSD17B10, HCN1, HNRNPU, HPRT1, KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNB1, KCNC1, KCNH2, KCNJ10, KCNJ11, KCNMA1, KCNQ2, KCNQ3, LAMA2, LARGE1, LBR, LGI1, LMNB2, MCPH1, MECP2, MEF2C, KMT2D, ASAH1, NDUFA1, NOTCH3, NR2F1, ATP1A2, NRXN1, ATP1A3, ATP2A2, OPHN1, PAFAH1B1, PAK3, PAX6, ALDH7A1, ATRX, PEX7, PHGDH, SERPINI1, PIGA, PIGN, PLA2G6, PLP1, PNKP, POLG, POMT1, PPT1, PQBP1, PURA, QARS, RAI1, RELN Specificity 2 % Genes 100 %
Optic Atrophy and Early Glaucoma Panel. By Greenwood Genetic Center Diagnostic Laboratories Greenwood Genetic Center (United States). SLC4A4, SPG7, TBK1, ACO2, BEST1, WFS1, ACVR1, OPTN, ASB10, MFRP, CANT1, SBF2, COL4A1, CISD2, TMEM126A, MTPAP, CYP1B1, C12orf65, SH3PXD2B, FOXC1 , (...) View the complete list with 14 more genes Panel complete gene list SLC4A4, SPG7, TBK1, ACO2, BEST1, WFS1, ACVR1, OPTN, ASB10, MFRP, CANT1, SBF2, COL4A1, CISD2, TMEM126A, MTPAP, CYP1B1, C12orf65, SH3PXD2B, FOXC1, FOXE3, LMX1B, LTBP2, MAF, MYOC, NDUFS1, NR2F1, OPA1, OPA3, PAX6, AUH, PITX2, PITX3, POLG Specificity 3 % Genes 25 %
Comprehensive Brain Malformation Panel. By Knight Diagnostic Laboratories - Molecular Diagnostic Center Oregon Health & Science University (United States). SHH, STIL, SIX3, SLC9A6, SOX2, CDKL5, TGIF1, MED12, CEP41, TUBA8, UBE3A, VLDLR, VRK1, ZIC2, ACTB, MRPS16, NSD1, RAB18, ACTG1, SLC25A19 , (...) View the complete list with 86 more genes Panel complete gene list SHH, STIL, SIX3, SLC9A6, SOX2, CDKL5, TGIF1, MED12, CEP41, TUBA8, UBE3A, VLDLR, VRK1, ZIC2, ACTB, MRPS16, NSD1, RAB18, ACTG1, SLC25A19, TMEM237, ZEB2, CASK, TSEN34, ARFGEF2, PCNT, RAB3GAP1, CDON, RAB3GAP2, CENPJ, EXOSC3, FKRP, ARX, PHF6, IER3IP1, CDK5RAP2, ASPM, POMGNT1, DISP1, POMT2, UPF3B, TUBA1A, TUBB3, RARS2, AHI1, COL4A1, KIF1BP, WDR62, TMEM216, ARL13B, CUL4B, TTC21B, OFD1, TCTN2, CPLANE1, TCTN1, TMEM138, DCX, TSEN54, TMEM67, TSEN2, DHCR7, NIPBL, CEP290, DLL1, RPGRIP1L, CC2D2A, CEP152, KIF7, SRPX2, TUBB2B, EMX2, EOMES, EZH2, FKTN, FGF8, FLNA, FOXG1, FOXH1, GAS1, GLI2, GLI3, ADGRG1, HESX1, L1CAM, LAMC3, LARGE1, MCPH1, MECP2, MKS1, MYCN, NFIX, NODAL, NPHP1, OPHN1, OTX2, PAFAH1B1, ATR, ATRX, PIK3CA, POMT1, PQBP1, PTCH1, PTEN, RBBP8, RELN Specificity 4 % Genes 100 %
Migraine and Strokes Panel. By Knight Diagnostic Laboratories - Molecular Diagnostic Center Oregon Health & Science University (United States). SCN1A, SLC2A1, CACNA1A, COL4A1, NOTCH3, ATP1A2, POLG, HTRA1 Specificity 13 % Genes 25 %
Septo-Optic Dysplasia and Schizencephaly. By Knight Diagnostic Laboratories - Molecular Diagnostic Center Oregon Health & Science University (United States). SHH, SIX3, SOX2, COL4A1, EMX2, HESX1 Specificity 67 % Genes 100 %
Anophthalmia/microphthalmia. By Medical Genetics Laboratory, Kennedy Center Juliane Marie Center, Rigshospitalet (Denmark). BMP4, SIX6, SOX2, TFAP2A, VAX1, ALX1, PORCN, MFRP, RAX, VSX2, BCOR, COL4A1, FREM1, CRYBA4, TENM3, STRA6, FOXE3, PRSS56, ALDH1A3, GDF3 , (...) View the complete list with 9 more genes Panel complete gene list BMP4, SIX6, SOX2, TFAP2A, VAX1, ALX1, PORCN, MFRP, RAX, VSX2, BCOR, COL4A1, FREM1, CRYBA4, TENM3, STRA6, FOXE3, PRSS56, ALDH1A3, GDF3, GDF6, GJA1, GLI3, ABCB6, HCCS, NHS, OTX2, PAX2, RARB Specificity 4 % Genes 25 %

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Sources and references

You can check the following sources for additional information.

ORPHANET OMIM Rare Disease Search Engine

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