Delayed speech and language development, and Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita

High match CORTICAL DYSPLASIA, COMPLEX, WITH OTHER BRAIN MALFORMATIONS 2; CDCBM2

• Autosomal dominant inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: MONDO UMLS DOID OMIM

High match PONTOCEREBELLAR HYPOPLASIA, TYPE 8; PCH8

Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 8 is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe psychomotor retardation, abnormal movements, hypotonia, spasticity, and variable visual defects. Brain MRI shows pontocerebellar hypoplasia, decreased cerebral white matter, and a thin corpus callosum (summary by Mochida et al., 2012).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of PCH, see PCH1 (OMIM ).

PONTOCEREBELLAR HYPOPLASIA, TYPE 8; PCH8 Is also known as ;pch8; pontocerebellar hypoplasia due to chmp1a mutation

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: MONDO DOID UMLS ORPHANET SCTID OMIM

High match LEUKODYSTROPHY, HYPOMYELINATING, 3; HLD3

Autosomal recessive hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-3 (HLD3) is a severe neurologic disorder characterized by early infantile onset of global developmental delay, lack of development, lack of speech acquisition, and peripheral spasticity associated with decreased myelination in the central nervous system (summary by Feinstein et al., 2010).The disorder is phenotypically similar to X-linked Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD ), which is caused by mutation in the PLP1 gene (OMIM ). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of HLD, see {312080}.

LEUKODYSTROPHY, HYPOMYELINATING, 3; HLD3 Is also known as ;

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: GARD DOID ORPHANET MONDO OMIM UMLS MESH

High match MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 26; MRD26

Autism spectrum disorder due to AUTS2 deficiency is a rare genetic syndromic intellectual disability characterized by global developmental delay and borderline to severe intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder with obsessive behavior, stereotypies, hyperactivity but frequently friendly and affable personality, feeding difficulties, short stature, muscular hypotonia, microcephaly, characteristic dysmorphic features (hypertelorism, high arched eyebrows, ptosis, deep and/or broad nasal bridge, broad/prominent nasal tip, short and/or upturned philtrum, narrow mouth, and micrognathia), and skeletal anomalies (kyphosis and/or scoliosis, arthrogryposis, slender habitus and extremities). Other clinical features may include hernias, congenital heart defects, cryptorchidism and seizures.

MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 26; MRD26 Is also known as ;asd due to auts2 deficiency; auts2 syndrome

• Autosomal dominant inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature

SOURCES: UMLS OMIM ORPHANET MONDO DOID

Medium match MENTAL RETARDATION, X-LINKED, SYNDROMIC, CHRISTIANSON TYPE; MRXSCH

Christianson syndrome is an X-linked neurodevelopmental and progressive mental retardation syndrome characterized by microcephaly, impaired ocular movements, severe global developmental delay, developmental regression, hypotonia, abnormal movements, and early-onset seizures of variable types. Female carriers may be mildly affected (summary by Schroer et al., 2010 and Pescosolido et al., 2014).

MENTAL RETARDATION, X-LINKED, SYNDROMIC, CHRISTIANSON TYPE; MRXSCH Is also known as angelman-like syndrome, x-linked, mental retardation, microcephaly, epilepsy, and ataxia syndrome;x-linked angelman-like syndrome; x-linked intellectual disability, south african type; x-linked intellectual disability-craniofacial dysmorphism-epilepsy-ophthalmoplegia-cerebellar atrophy syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET MONDO GARD OMIM DOID UMLS MESH SCTID

Medium match PEHO SYNDROME; PEHO

PEHO is a severe autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by extreme cerebellar atrophy due to almost total loss of granule neurons. Affected individuals present in early infancy with hypotonia, profoundly delayed psychomotor development, optic atrophy, progressive atrophy of the cerebellum and brainstem, and dysmyelination. Most patients also develop infantile seizures that are often associated with hypsarrhythmia on EEG, and many have peripheral edema (summary by Anttonen et al., 2017).

PEHO SYNDROME; PEHO Is also known as progressive encephalopathy with edema, hypsarrhythmia, and optic atrophy, infantile cerebellooptic atrophy;progressive encephalopathy with edema, hypsarrhythmia and optic atrophy; progressive encephalopathy-optic atrophy syndrome

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM UMLS ORPHANET

Medium match CONGENITAL DISORDER OF GLYCOSYLATION, TYPE Id; CDG1D

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive disorders caused by enzymatic defects in the synthesis and processing of asparagine (N)-linked glycans or oligosaccharides on glycoproteins. Type I CDGs comprise defects in the assembly of the dolichol lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) chain and its transfer to the nascent protein. These disorders can be identified by a characteristic abnormal isoelectric focusing profile of plasma transferrin (Leroy, 2006).CDG1D is a type I CDG that generally presents with severe neurologic involvement associated with dysmorphism and visual impairment. Liver involvement is sometimes present (summary by Marques-da-Silva et al., 2017).For a discussion of the classification of CDGs, see CDG1A (OMIM ).

CONGENITAL DISORDER OF GLYCOSYLATION, TYPE Id; CDG1D Is also known as cdg id;cdgid, carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome, type iv, formerly;cdgs4, formerly, cdgs, type iv, formerly;cdg syndrome type id; cdg-id; cdg1d; carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type id; congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1d; congenital disorder of glycosylation type id; mannosyltransferase 6 deficiency

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Pica

SOURCES: UMLS MESH NCIT GARD SCTID ORPHANET OMIM MONDO

Medium match WOODHOUSE-SAKATI SYNDROME

Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome is a multisystemic disorder characterized by hypogonadism, alopecia, diabetes mellitus, intellectual deficit and extrapyramidal signs with choreoathetoid movements and dystonia.

WOODHOUSE-SAKATI SYNDROME Is also known as hypogonadism, alopecia, diabetes mellitus, mental retardation, deafness, and extrapyramidal syndrome, extrapyramidal disorder, progressive, with primary hypogonadism, mental retardation, and alopecia;diabetes-hypogonadism-deafness-intellectual disability syndrome

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: GARD SCTID ORPHANET OMIM MONDO UMLS MESH

Medium match MULTIPLE CONGENITAL ANOMALIES-HYPOTONIA-SEIZURES SYNDROME 3; MCAHS3

Intellectual disability-seizures-hypotonia-ophthalmologic-skeletal anomalies syndrome is a rare congenital disorder of glycosylation characterized by neonatal hypotonia, global development delay, developmental regress and severe to profound intellectual disability, infantile onset seizures that are initially associated with febrile episodes with subsequent transition to unprovoked seizures, impaired vision with esotropia and nystagmus, progressive cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, skeletal abnormalities (including brachycephaly, scoliosis, slender long bones, delayed bone age, pectus excavatum and osteopenia), inverted nipples and dysmorphic features including high and narrow forehead, frontal bossing, short nose, depressed nasal bridge, anteverted nares, high palate and wide open mouth consistent with facial hypotonia. Other features may include cardiac abnormalities (such as patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defects), urogenital abnormalities (such as nephrocalcinosis, urolithiasis), and low plasma concentration of alkaline phosphatase.

MULTIPLE CONGENITAL ANOMALIES-HYPOTONIA-SEIZURES SYNDROME 3; MCAHS3 Is also known as glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 7;gpibd7;congenital disorder of glycosylation due to pigt deficiency; mcahs type 3; multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome type 3; pigt-cdg

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: MONDO DOID ORPHANET OMIM UMLS

Medium match MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY-DYSTROGLYCANOPATHY (CONGENITAL WITH BRAIN AND EYE ANOMALIES), TYPE A, 4; MDDGA4

MDDGA4 is a severe autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy with characteristic brain and eye malformations, seizures, and mental retardation. Cardiac involvement in FCMD/MEB occurs in the second decade of life in those who survive. FKTN-related Walker-Warburg syndrome is a more severe manifestation of the disorder, with death usually in the first year of life. These entities are part of a group of similar disorders resulting from defective glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan (DAG1 ), collectively known as 'dystroglycanopathies' (Godfrey et al., 2007; Muntoni and Voit, 2004; Muntoni et al., 2008).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type A, see MDDGA1 (OMIM ).

MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY-DYSTROGLYCANOPATHY (CONGENITAL WITH BRAIN AND EYE ANOMALIES), TYPE A, 4; MDDGA4 Is also known as fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy;fcmd, walker-warburg syndrome or muscle-eye-brain disease, fktn-related;fcmd; fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: MONDO UMLS SCTID ORPHANET DOID NCIT OMIM